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In essence, microsurgery is surgery performed on very small structures

Microsurgery: Basic Principles

by allurewellness January 31, 2017

written by allurewellness

In essence, microsurgery is surgery performed on very small structures (i.e. nerves and the blood vessels).

Specialized instruments under a microscope are also used for the procedure.

Microsurgery makes use of techniques like blood vessel repair and organ transplantation.

The aforementioned techniques have been used since the twentieth century’s early part.

Microsurgery techniques have also been utilized by several surgical specialties.

For instance:

Ophthalmologists (eye doctors)

Performs microsurgery to remove cataracts, carry out corneal transplants, and treat glaucoma and other eye conditions.

Otolaryngologists (ear, nose, and throat doctors)

Uses microsurgeries when working on the small and delicate structures of the inner ear or when carrying out work on the vocal chords.

Gynecologists and urologists

Reverses tubal ligations and vasectomies using microsurgery principles.

Plastic surgeons

Reconstructs damaged or disfigured skin, tissues, and muscles using microsurgical techniques.

Other specialties

Performs microsurgery to replant or reattach amputated body parts to replace a new one (for instance, a lost or damaged thumb is replaced with a great toe).

Equipment Used in Microsurgery

The key functions of microsurgical equipment include magnifying the operating field and providing instrumentation

The key functions of microsurgical equipment include magnifying the operating field and providing instrumentation.

The equipment used are designed to make precise maneuvering feasible and to make operating on barely visible structures possible.

Essential instruments used in microsurgery include microsurgical instruments, micro suture materials, and the microscope.

Microscope

Microscope that is used in microsurgery is either mounted on the ceiling or on the floor.

It also comes designed with a moveable arm so manipulating its position becomes relatively easier.

A set of lenses and a high-intensity light source are used to view the surgical site.

A video camera is used so other members of the surgical team can view the surgical site on a display screen.

Ideally, a five to forty times (5–40x) magnification is used in microsurgical procedures.

Instruments

Compared to traditional surgical instruments, those used in microsurgery have distinct differences.

Aside from its capability to delicately manipulate barely visible structures, microsurgical instruments also come with handles that are large enough so handling them comfortably and securely is possible.

Instruments often utilized in microsurgery include:

Needle holders (for suturing)
Forceps
Vessel dilators
Standard surgical tools
Scissors
Irrigators

Suture Materials

In microsurgery, suturing or stitching is carried out utilizing needles and threads that are specialized.

The diameter or gauge of the threads can vary in size.

When choosing the apt thread to be used, the procedure that will be performed as well as the tissue that needs to be sutured will be taken into account.

In most cases, threads with 9–0 to 12–0 gauges are used in microsurgery.

Suture threads can also be non-absorbable or absorbable.

They can also be made from natural materials or synthetic ones.

The type used will depend on the procedure as well as the tissue that needs suturing.

Suture needles come in diverse sizes and shapes.

They also have different point types.

Generally, however, the needles often used are less than 0.15 mm in diameter.

Training

Surgeons will have to undergo extensive training and practice before they perform microsurgery.

Know-how on basic anatomy and surgical techniques will also be required.

Surgeons will also be taught how to hold the instruments properly, how to lessen hand tremors, ways to maintain proper posture when performing microsurgical procedures and maintaining visual contact when using the microscope, among other things.

A set of essential techniques have to be mastered by the surgeon as they are often utilized in microsurgery.

These basic techniques include nerve grafting and repair, vessel repair, and vein grafting.

When already very proficient in the basic skills needed for microsurgery, more advanced techniques will be taught, including treating specific conditions.

For more information about microsurgery and if it is the right option for you, check www.bjios.sg right now.

January 31, 2017 0 comments

The procedure performed to remove bone cancers and soft tissue in the limbs is called limb salvage surgery

Limb Salvage Surgery: Who Needs It?

by allurewellness January 31, 2017

written by allurewellness

The procedure performed to remove bone cancers and soft tissue in the limbs is called limb salvage surgery.

The procedure is also otherwise known as limb-sparing surgery.

Limb salvage surgery is done in order to avoid amputation.

Goals

Some of the primary goals of limb salvage surgery include:

Avoiding amputation
Removal of cancer
Preservation of appearance
Maintaining the greatest possible degree of function

While often carried out in tumors and bone sarcomas, limb salvage surgery is also an option in soft tissue sarcomas affecting the extremities.

Nowadays, the procedure has become the ideal alternative to amputation.

It has also become the recommended treatment option for cancers that spread slowly (from the limb to other body parts), or those cancers that have not spread to the soft tissues yet.

Years prior, the usual treatment route of those patients with cancer in the limbs is amputation of the extremity affected.

Fortunately, nowadays, patients no longer have to lose their limbs in order to treat the cancer.

This development can be credited to numerous factors—survival rate of patients treated using chemotherapy, advanced imaging methods (CT scans and MR), and remarkable improvements in surgical techniques both resection and reconstruction, to name a few.

In recent years, limb salvage surgery has also become one of the recommended option for patients with chronic bone and degenerative conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

Likewise, it has also become one of the treatment options for those patients that are considered candidates for diabetic limb amputation and those with chronic and acute limb wounds.

Diagnosis

Before your doctor will decide if limb salvage surgery is apt, the following key factors are taken into consideration:

Type of cancer
Its size
Its location
The cancer’s progression
Age of the patient
Overall health of the patient

When recommended, doctors will make sure the patient understands the likely outcome of the surgery.

While proven effective, there is still that possibility that the implant will fail and additional surgery might be required.

In some cases, amputation might become an option.

Physical and occupation therapists can also help patients who are candidates for limb salvage surgery.

Preparation for the surgery may include introduction of exercises that can help strengthen the muscles and ambulation (walking).

ROM or range of motion exercises patients would need to do after the operation will also be taught.

Procedure

Limb-sparing surgery involves not just removing the cancer but also at least an inch of the healthy tissue surrounding it.

Chemotherapy, radiation, or in some cases, a combination of both might be recommended to shrink the tumor before the procedure is performed.

Limb salvage surgery has 3 stages:

The cancer as well as a margin of healthy tissue is removed.
Bone graft is performed or prosthesis is implanted when necessary.
Wound is closed by transferring soft tissue or muscle from other parts of the body.

Surgical Techniques

Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Nowadays, a staggering 80 percent of cases of soft tissue sarcomas affecting the extremities are treated through limb salvage surgery.

The procedure entails removing the limb nodes, tumor, and the tissues where the cancer has spread.

An inch of the healthy tissue surrounding the tumor will also be removed.

For cases of soft tissue sarcomas that has spread to the lungs, the procedure will involve removing the original tumor, shrinking the lung tumor through chemotherapy or radiation, and surgically removing the lung tumor.

Bone Tumors

Treating low grade bone tumor and its components, doctors will remove the malignant lesion alongside a cuff of the healthy tissue.

Aftercare

Generally, patients will have to remain in the hospital for 5 to 10 days after the procedure.

Sensation and blood flow of the extremity affected will be monitored.

The hospital stay is also required to help ensure the patient does not develop any life-threatening complications like pneumonia, deep-vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism.

Know more about limb salvage surgery and what it can do for you by visiting www.bjios.sg.

January 31, 2017 0 comments

Pain, inflammation, and discomfort on any joint part (tendons, bone, muscles, and ligaments) is typically referred to as joint pain

Body injury

Joint Pain: What are the Common Symptoms?

by allurewellness January 31, 2017

written by allurewellness

Pain, inflammation, and discomfort on any joint part (tendons, bone, muscles, and ligaments) is typically referred to as joint pain.

In most cases however, joint pain is also the term given to arthritis or arthralgia—a condition associated with inflammation or pain from within the joint itself.

Pain brought about by the condition can be mild (where soreness manifesting only after an activity) or it can be severe.

In severe cases, even limited movement can cause excruciating pain.

Causes

Some of the most likely causes of pain in the joint include but are not limited to the following:

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Complex regional pain syndrome
Septic arthritis
Polymyalgia rheumatic
Tendinitis
Reactive arthritis
Sarcoidosis
Rickets
Sprains
Strains
Osteoarthritis
Leukemia
Paget’s disease of the bone
Lupus
Leukemia
Bursitis
Avascular necrosis
Meralgia paresthetica
Bone cancer
Gout
Hyperthyroidism
Dislocation
Adult Still’s disease
Broken bone
Ankylosing spondylitis

In majority of the cases, joint pain is relatively harmless and will respond to home-care remedies.

However, a doctor’s visit would be needed if the following symptoms will occur:

Swelling
Redness
Tenderness

Visiting the doctor is also required if the joint pain is the result of an injury and the following symptoms manifest:

Severe pain
Sudden swelling
Joint deformity
Inability to use the joint

Treatment

Before the right treatment approach for the condition is identified, doctors would first need to accurately diagnose the cause of the condition

Before the right treatment approach for the condition is identified, doctors would first need to accurately diagnose the cause of the condition.

Regardless of the chosen treatment option, the primary goals remain the same—alleviating the pain, minimizing the inflammation, and preserving the joint’s function.

Some of the treatment options for joint pain include the following:

Medications

Joint pains that are classified as moderate to severe (with swelling), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs (i.e. aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen) and over-the-counter painkillers might be recommended.

However, taking OTC medications should be done with caution especially if patient is an avid drinker as it might result to liver damage.

If pain that manifests is severe and won’t respond at all to NSAIDs, a strong opioid medication might be given.

Since opioid drugs can result to drowsiness, it is recommended that they are used only upon the doctor’s recommendation.

Yet another possible side effect of opioid medication is constipation.

Fortunately, it can easily be remedied through the use of laxatives.

Other medications that are known to help alleviate joint pain include:

Muscle relaxants made to combat muscle spasms. These muscle relaxants are sometimes taken with NSAIDs in order to maximize pain relief.
Some antidepressant and antiepileptic drugs. These medications do their job by interfering with the pain signals.

Physical Therapy

Working with a physical therapist is also an option for those who have joint pain.

The therapist will be using different techniques—manipulation, ultrasound, heat and cold therapy, and electrical nerve stimulation—in order to strengthen the muscles, improve the patient’s range of motion, and to stabilize the joint.

For those patients that are obese and suffering from joint pain, losing weight will be recommended to help ensure pressure and strain on the joints will be minimized.

However, it is recommended that they stick to exercises that are low-impact like swimming and bicycling in order to avoid irritating the joint even further.

Injections

For joint pain that does not respond to oral or topical mediations, a steroid medication might be prescribed.

Together with a local anesthetic, steroid medication will be directly injected into the joint.

The procedure is done every 3 to 4 months.

Steroid injections are often the recommended treatment options for those who are suffering from tendinitis, joint disease, and arthritis, among others.

For joint pain that is persistent, get expert help from the specialists at www.bjios.sg right away.

January 31, 2017 0 comments

An ingrown toenail occurs when the toenail grows into the skin as opposed to over it

Body hygiene

Ingrown Toenails: Common Symptoms

by allurewellness January 31, 2017

written by allurewellness

An ingrown toenail occurs when the toenail grows into the skin as opposed to over it.

While the condition often only affects the big toe, there are times when it can also develop in the other toes.

While ingrown toenails can affect just about anyone, the condition is more common among adults than in children.

Ingrown toenails are also especially common among older adults.

People with curved or thick nails are also more susceptible to ingrown toenails.

When infected, the affected toenail can become swollen and red and may drain pus.

It can also become extremely painful and uncomfortable.

Depending on the severity of the condition, treatment approach can range from home care remedies to ingrown toenail surgery.

Causes

Some of the most common causes of ingrown toenail include:

Toenails that are unusually curved
Toenails that are cut too short
Wearing of shoes that crowds the toenail
Toenails that are not cut straight across
Toenail injuries

Symptoms

Common signs that indicate ingrown toenail include but are not limited to the following:

Swelling
Tissue infection
Redness around the toenail that is affected
Pain and tenderness on the sides of the nail

Alarming symptoms that will require a visit to the doctor include:

Severe discomfort and pain
Redness that appears to be spreading
Pus in the area affected
If patient has diabetes or other medical conditions that can result to poor blood flow to the feet

Complications

Left untreated or undetected, ingrown toenails can lead to a serious bone infection that might affect the underlying bone

Left untreated or undetected, ingrown toenails can lead to a serious bone infection that might affect the underlying bone.

The condition can also result to severe complications for those who have diabetes.

In some cases, it can even lead to nerve damage.

For patients with diabetes, even a foot injury that is minor in nature—cut, corn, callus, scrape, and an ingrown toenail—may become infected and can lead to other complications.

Appointment

Diabetic patients or those with alarming symptoms and are suffering from ingrown toenails should consider visiting the doctor a must.

Since doctor visits can sometimes be brief, it is recommended that patients come prepared so they can make the most out of the visit.

As a general rule of thumb, preparing a list of questions would be ideal.

Some of the key questions you can ask should include the following:

What are the pros and cons of each treatment option?
What are the possible treatment alternatives?
Is the condition temporary or chronic?
Will the condition heal on its own sans medical intervention?
What results can patients expect after the treatment?
What nail routine should be observed while the toe is healing?

Likewise, the session would be more beneficial if patients come prepared for likely questions the doctor will ask like:

When did the symptoms manifest?
What at home remedies have been tried?
Do you have diabetes or other medical conditions that causes poor blood flow to the legs and feet?

Treatment

Mild cases of the condition will often respond to home remedies.

However, for severe cases, ingrown toenail surgery will most likely be the recommended option.

Nail and tissue removal. If the condition has affected the same toe more than once, the doctor will most likely recommend removing a portion of the nail as well as the nail bed. The procedure can help ensure the affected nail does not grow back.
Partial nail removal. Cases that manifest alarming symptoms like redness, pain, swelling, and pus, the doctor will likely recommend removing or at least trimming a portion of the nail. Before the procedure, an anesthetic will be administered in order to numb the toe that will be operated on.

While ingrown toenails may seem harmless, they can get bothersome and uncomfortable without proper attention and treatment. Avoid ingrown toenail discomfort and pain by checking with www.bjios.sg today.

January 31, 2017 0 comments

While now a common procedure, years ago, joint replacement was once considered high-tech

Body injury surgery

Hip and Knee Replacement: When is it Necessary?

by allurewellness January 31, 2017

written by allurewellness

While now a common procedure, years ago, joint replacement was once considered high-tech.

In the United States alone, surgeons perform the procedure more than a million times each year.

The staggering figure can be attributed to the enhanced mobility and pain relief only hip and knee replacement surgeries can offer.

Undoubtedly, for the right candidates, hip and knee replacement can be a life altering procedure.

However, surgery is not always the treatment option for those who are suffering from hip or knee pain.

Knee Replacement

Oftentimes, the most likely candidates for knee replacement surgery are those patients who are suffering from osteoarthritis

Oftentimes, the most likely candidates for knee replacement surgery are those patients who are suffering from osteoarthritis.

Understandably, the condition is common in the knees as it bears the weight of the body.

The procedure will be the treatment option resorted to only after all other conventional alternatives have been exhausted.

Just like many major surgical procedures, knee replacement also has certain risks.

Some of the risks include but are not limited to the following:

Heart attacks
Stroke
Infection
Nerve damage
Blood clots (in the lungs or leg veins)

The surgery will be performed by an orthopedic surgeon.

Prior to the surgery, physical examination will be performed to assess the stability, strength, and the range of motion of the knee.

Hip Replacement

In essence, hip replacement is the surgical procedure carried out to remove the hip joint’s damaged parts.

If all other conventional treatment alternatives have proved futile, hip replacement surgery becomes the likely option.

Patients with severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis are often likely candidates for the procedure.

Extent of the hip replacement however will be based on the severity of the joint damage.

For those individuals with hip fractures due to osteoporosis, hip replacement is also the likely treatment option.

Oftentimes, the most common reason for the procedure can be attributed to damage brought about by arthritis.

Also known as total hip arthroplasty, hip replacement surgery is often considered the best treatment approach when pain has become so severe and it already interferes with the patient’s day-to-day routine.

Preparation

For individuals who are candidates for hip or knee replacement, asking the right questions is deemed an integral part of the preparation.

If you are a candidate for joint replacement, the following questions should make it to your list:

Is surgery the best treatment alternative available for my case?

Do I have other treatment choices?
After the surgery, how far can I walk without experiencing any pain?
Is surgery the best option for someone my age?
Can I still participate in any sports (i.e. golf, tennis, swimming, etc.) that I enjoy?

What can I do to help ensure the procedure is a resounding success?

Will I be taught muscle strengthening exercises?
Is it recommended that I lose weight before the procedure?
Will it be necessary to learn how to utilize crutches/walker before the surgery?

What home preparations do I need to do?

Do I have to do any rearranging?
What are some of the effective ways I can ensure safety at home?
How much is the extent of help I will be needing?

What are the potential risks and complications of the procedure?

Will blood transfusion be necessary before or after?
What can I do to help minimize the risks?
Which medical conditions (i.e. heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, etc.) have to be monitored?

What is the procedure like?

How long will the surgery last?
How soon after the procedure can I commence with my routine activities?
How long will the hospital stay be?

What preparations am I expected to do the night before the procedure?

When do I stop eating or drinking?
What are the essentials I need to bring?
Are there medications I am supposed to take prior to the procedure?

Joint replacement is not the ideal treatment option for everyone. To know if it is appropriate for your case, visit www.bjios.sg right away.

January 31, 2017 0 comments

$A broken bone or a fracture occurs when the force exerted that is exerted on the bone is more than it can bear$

Body bone

Different Way in Managing Different Fractures

by allurewellness January 31, 2017

written by allurewellness

A broken bone or a fracture occurs when the force exerted that is exerted on the bone is more than it can bear.

Some of the common symptoms of the condition include severe pain and loss of function.

In some cases, bleeding around the site that is injured will also manifest.

There are different types of bone fractures.

Oftentimes, the severity of the condition will depend on several factors such as age, strength and direction of the force, the individual’s overall health, and the specific bone involved.

Some of the most common bone fractures occur in the ankle, wrist, and hip.

Older people however are more prone to hip fractures.

Causes

Some of the most common causes of bone fractures include:

Some cancers (can cause the bones to easily break)
Falls
Vehicle accidents
Sporting injuries
Certain bone conditions like osteoporosis

Symptoms

$While bone fractures are not the same as dislocations, in some cases, it can be difficult to tell one from the other$

While bone fractures are not the same as dislocations, in some cases, it can be difficult to tell one from the other.

Oftentimes, bone fracture symptoms will depend on the bone affected as well as the severity of the injury.

However, the following are some of the common manifestations of bone fracture:

Deformity
Pain
Swelling
Bruising
Inability to use the limb affected

Types

There are different types of bone fractures.

The following are some of the most common:

Open or compound fracture – this type occurs when a wound that leads to the fractured site is present. It can also occur when the bone that is fractured juts out. Infection and external bleeding are likely complications that can result from this type of fracture.
Closed or simple fracture – this kind occurs when the bone that is broken does not pierce the skin.
Comminuted fracture – this type will take a long time to heal. The long healing period necessary can be attributed to the fractured bone shattering into small pieces.
Greenstick fracture – this type is often characterized by a slender and small crack. This kind of fracture is also very common among children.
Compression fracture – this fracture type occurs when two bones are forced against each other. The bones of the spine (vertebrae) are more prone to this type of injury. Old people with osteoporosis are also likely candidates.
Hairline fracture – this kind occurs in the foot and the lower leg. Hairline fractures often result from repeated stress and strain from activities like running or jogging.
Complicated fracture – When the injury also affects the surrounding structures of the bone, the condition is called complicated fracture. In most cases, there might be likely damage to the arteries, veins, or the nerves. Injury to the bone’s lining (periosteum) may also occur.
Avulsion fracture – this type often occurs in the knee and the shoulder joints. Avulsion fractures occur when pieces of the bone get pulled out and the muscle contractions wrench the tendon.

However, not all fractures occur only in the legs, arms, wrist, or hips.

Pelvis, chest, head, and spine traumas can also result to fractures in the skull and ribs.

Since these types of injuries are considered life-threatening, first aid treatments alone will not be enough.

Seeking immediate medical attention will be recommended.

Treatment

Diagnosing bone fractures are done using X-rays.

In other cases, computer tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will be recommended.

While broken bones will often heal on their own, medical treatment is sometimes necessary to help ensure all the pieces are properly lined up.

In cases that are complicated, surgery, surgical traction, or both might be necessary.

It is also vital that the bone recovers full sensitivity, strength, and movement.

Treatment options for fractures will often depend on severity.

Some of the likely options include:

Splints
Braces
Traction
Plaster casts
Pain relief
Surgically inserted metal rods or plates

Without proper medical attention and management, fractures can worsen. Prevent that from happening by visiting www.bjios.sg right away.

January 31, 2017 0 comments

Many people at one point or another will experience foot and ankle injury

Body injury

Foot and Ankle Injuries: Effective Ways to Lower Your Risk

by allurewellness January 31, 2017

written by allurewellness

Many people at one point or another will experience foot and ankle injury.

In majority of the cases, foot and ankle injuries are not attributed to the typical body movements.

Rather, they are often attributed to both overuse and everyday wear and tear.

A foot and ankle injury can often occur during:

Works and projects done at home
Performance of work-related tasks
Sports or recreational activities

In children, foot and ankle injuries often occur during play or while engaged in sports.

It can also be the result of falls.

In most cases, injury risks are way higher for those engaged in sports that require drastic direction changes and jumping (i.e. soccer, football, and jumping).

Certain athletes like dancers, gymnasts, and soccer and basketball players are more susceptible to foot and ankle injuries.

Older adults become more susceptible to foot and ankle injuries and fractures because they have tendency to already lose muscle mass and bone strength (osteopenia) as they age.

They are also likely to have balance and vision problems—two factors that can significantly increase their risk for injuries.

Fortunately, minor injuries will often heal on their own.

Oftentimes, home remedies would be able to heal the injury and relieve the symptoms.

Acute/sudden injuries

Injuries of this type can result from direct blows, penetrations injuries, and falls

Injuries of this type can result from direct blows, penetrations injuries, and falls.

It can also be attributed to jamming, twisting, jerking, or abnormal limb bending.

Pain associated with these types of injuries are often sudden and severe.

Bruising and swelling will also likely to manifest after the injury.

Some of the most common foot and ankle injuries include:

Sprains – if the condition will not heal despite treatment, it can be a clear manifestation of another condition known as osteochondritis dissecans.
Pulled muscles or strains – muscles of the foot and ankle can be strained. At times, it may even rupture.
Tendon injuries – conditions like Achilles tendinitis can occur when the tendons in the heels will rupture.
Contusions – bruising brought about by ankle injuries can sometimes extend to the toes.

Overuse injuries

Overuse injuries often occur when the joint (and other tissues) are subjected to too much stress and strain.

The strain and stress can be attributed to overdoing of an activity or repetition.

Some of the most common overuse injuries are:

Retrocalcaneal bursitis – when the bursa is inflamed, this condition occurs. This condition can also result to swelling of the heel and the back of the ankle and tenderness.
Plantar fasciitis – this condition occurs when the plantar fascia (the flat and broad ligament situated at the bottom of the foot) becomes inflamed.

Prevention

To ensure foot and ankle injuries are avoided, keep the following beneficial pointers in mind:

Change the running shoes often. Experts recommend buying and using a new pair at least every 3 months or after 500 miles of wear.
Wear the right footwear. Choose shoes that is not only comfortable but will also offer good support.
Observe proper training. When exercising, it is recommended that ankle, foot, and leg stretches are done before and after exercising. Sprinting excessively should also be avoided.
Avoid overusing the foot or the ankle. Repeated movements can sometimes result to injury to the bursa or the tendons.
Wear supportive brace. Wrapping the foot or ankle during exercises or activities can also significantly reduce injury risks.
Get rid of excess pounds. Getting rid of the extra weight can dramatically lessen the strain and stress on the ankle and foot.
Wearing the right athletic footwear. When purchasing shoes, opt for ones that offer good arch support and those that come with cushioned soles. It would also be a good idea to check with an orthopedist, podiatrist, or a sports medicine professional so you will be guided on the best pair to invest in.

In some cases, you can get foot and ankle injuries however careful you may be. To ensure, the condition is attended to accordingly, ensure you are getting expert help from the competent specialists at www.bjios.sg.

January 31, 2017 0 comments

A hand and wrist condition that occurs when the median nerve is compressed is known as carpal tunnel syndrome

Body health injury

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Who Are at Risk?

by allurewellness January 31, 2017

written by allurewellness

A hand and wrist condition that occurs when the median nerve is compressed is known as carpal tunnel syndrome.

Some of the most common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include but are not limited to pain, numbness, and weakness.

In some cases, the symptoms may also radiate to the arm affected.

Depending on the severity, treatment options available may vary.

Likely treatment approaches can include noninvasive options to carpal tunnel syndrome surgery.

Causes

While several causes have been identified, below are some of the key culprits:

Irritated flexor tendons
Wrist movements that are repetitive
Other medical conditions like hypothyroidism, diabetes, pregnancy, and rheumatoid arthritis

Risk Factors

Some of the risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome include:

Sex

The condition is observed to be more common in women than in men.

Inflammatory Conditions

Diseases that are characterized by inflammation like rheumatoid arthritis may sometimes affect the wrist tendons and put pressure on the median nerve.

Other medical conditions

Disorders like obesity, kidney failure, menopause, obesity, and other medical conditions have also been associate with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Nerve-damaging diseases

Conditions like diabetes can increase the risk of nerve damage that may also affect the median nerve.

Workplace factors

Work or hobbies that entail repetitive or prolonged flexing of the wrist may cause pressure on the median nerve.

Essentially, carpal tunnel syndrome is often considered a work-related condition.

Individuals who are prone to developing the condition are those involved in work that requires the following:

Hand movements that are repetitive and forceful
Hand-arm vibration
Hand positions that are awkward and that lasts for long periods

Symptoms

While mild cases of carpal tunnel syndrome often only affect the hand, in some cases, it can also affect the forearm

While mild cases of carpal tunnel syndrome often only affect the hand, in some cases, it can also affect the forearm.

In some cases, it will sometimes spread to the shoulder.

Mild cases of the condition may manifest some of the following symptoms:

Occasional tingling
Pain
“Pins-and-needles” sensation
Numbness or pain in the hand, forearm, or wrist
Pain and numbness when the wrist is flexed
Pain and numbness when gripping an object
Finger stiffness (often especially noticeable in the mornings)
Numbness and pain that escalates when the affected hand is used

In moderate to severe cases, reduced strength and grip as well as numbness in the fingers, thumb, or hand manifest.

Individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome may also find doing the following challenging:

Performing basic hand movements like combing the hair or holding a spoon. Patients will also have the tendency to drop objects accidentally.
Using the thumb for simple tasks like opening a jar or using a screwdriver. In the case of long-term carpal tunnel syndrome, atrophy of the muscles of the thumb may occur.
Pinching an object between the thumb and the first finger. This is referred to as pinch strength loss.

Symptoms of the condition are often observed in the parts of the hand that are supplied by the media nerve like middle finger, thumb, half of the ring finger, and the index finger.

While unknown to many, the median nerve will not affect the little finger.

That means in cases where symptoms affect the little finger, it would be safe to assume it is not carpal tunnel syndrome.

Treatment

Medical attention is required if the following symptoms are present:

Pain, numbness, tingling sensation, and weakness that remains after 2 weeks.
When performing even basic hand movements becomes challenging.
When there’s noticeably little or no feelings in the fingers or hand.
When pinching the thumb and the finger together is no longer feasible.
When diminished thumb strength is observed.

In most cases, mild cases of carpal tunnel syndrome will respond to homecare remedies.

However, if the abovementioned alarming symptoms will become evident, getting in touch with a medical professional is recommended as you might be a likely candidate for carpal tunnel syndrome surgery.

If you notice telltale indicators of carpal tunnel syndrome, visit www.bjios.sg for expert management of the condition.

January 31, 2017 0 comments

bunion is the term given to the bony bump that develops at the big toe’s base

Body surgery

Bunion Surgery: What are the Benefits

by allurewellness January 31, 2017

written by allurewellness

In essence, bunion is the term given to the bony bump that develops at the big toe’s base.

Wearing of footwear that is too small or narrow is considered one of the most common culprits of the painful condition.

There are more cases of bunions in women than in men.

When the condition does not respond to noninvasive treatments, surgery might be recommended to correct the deformity.

Removal of the bunions is sometimes referred to as bunionectomy, hallux valgus (Latin term for “foot deformity”) removal, or bunions surgery.

Bunion Surgery

To help alleviate the pain brought about by bunion, some wear shoes that are larger than their feet size.

Others find comfort when wearing protected pads.

Unfortunately, there will be instances when even making significant lifestyle adjustments won’t be able to improve the condition.

In similar scenarios, bunions surgery might become the best treatment option.

Some cases that might require bunion surgery can include the following:

Patient experiences severe pain. The pain and discomfort can make the performance of daily routine and activities extra challenging.
Patient can no longer walk without experiencing pain.
The big toe is still swollen and painful even after proper rest and medication.
Straightening or bending the toe is no longer possible.

For patients who are possible candidates for bunion surgery, discussing the condition as well as the procedure with the doctor is highly recommended.

A discussion with the doctor is important so both parties can decide on the kind of surgery to be performed to correct the condition.

To accurately diagnose the condition, an X-ray of the affected foot might be recommended.

While unknown to many, there are more than 100 different types of bunion removal procedures that can remove the bunion and realign the big toe.

However, oftentimes, the kind of bunion removal surgery will depend on the progression as well as the size of the bunion.

Preparation

Before the surgery, it will be likely that patients will be asked to undergo a few tests to assess their overall health status.

A cardiogram (to check heart function), X-ray of the lungs, blood and urine tests might also be suggested to check for other possible underlying conditions.

Patients taking blood thinning and other medications will most likely be asked to refrain from doing so at least a few days before the scheduled surgery.

After the surgery, patients are often already allowed to go home once the anesthesia has worn off.

Fasting might also be recommended but it will be determined based on the starting time of the scheduled procedure so it would be best to check with your doctor on this.

As a general rule of thumb, it would be best to ask for a list of dos and don’ts and make sure you strictly adhere to them so likely complications that will arise can be avoided.

Procedure

In most cases, general anesthesia will not be required during bunion removal surgery

In most cases, general anesthesia will not be required during bunion removal surgery.

Oftentimes however, a local anesthetic known as ankle block will be given.

It works by numbing the area situated below the knee.

The surgeon will proceed with the bunion removal and other necessary repairs once the knee is numb.

While there are several types of bunion removal surgeries, the following are three of the most common:

Osteotomy

The joint of the big toe is cut and realigned.

Exostectomy

No alignment is done but removal of the bunion is performed.

Arthrodesis

Metal plates or screws are used to replace the damaged joint and to correct the deformity.

Patient will be taken to the recovery room right after the surgery.

The blood pressure and heart rate will also be monitored while waiting for the anesthesia to wear off.

Fortunately, in most cases, patients can already go home after a couple of hours or so.

Recovery

Recovery from the surgery will usually take 6 to 8 weeks.

However, it will take at least 4 to 6 months for full recovery to take place.

Patients will have to wear a surgical boot or a cast for at least 2 weeks after the procedure.

For more information about bunion and the procedure appropriate for your case, visit www.bjios.sg now.

January 31, 2017 0 comments

When the cells in the body divide abnormally and uncontrollably, they can turn into a mass or lump

Body bone

Bone Tumors: What are the Different Types?

by allurewellness January 31, 2017

written by allurewellness

When the cells in the body divide abnormally and uncontrollably, they can turn into a mass or lump.

This mass or lump is called a tumor.

Tumors that form in the bones are called bone tumors.

Tumors that are not cancerous are called benign.

However, even if a benign bone tumor is often considered harmless and is not likely to spread to other parts of the body, it may still need to be treated.

While harmless, there is a tendency for benign bone tumors to grow.

The growth may result to compression of healthy bone tissues.

However, it is unfortunate to note that not all bone tumors are benign.

Some are classified as cancerous or malignant.

Left untreated, the cancer can end up spreading to other parts of the body.

Causes

While no direct causes of bone tumors have been identified, some of the likely culprits of the condition include radiation treatments, genetics, and bone injuries.

Symptoms

Some of the telltale indicators that signal the presence of bone tumors include but are not limited to the following:

Dull ache felt in the bone affected
Swelling at the tumor site
Fevers
Night sweats
Occasional pain that will eventually become severe and constant

Benign bone tumors

When the cells in the body divide abnormally and uncontrollably, they can turn into a mass or lump

Some of the most common benign tumors include:

Giant cell tumors

The kind of tumor often affects adults and can grow aggressively.

Giant cell tumors also often affect the bone’s rounded end.

This type of bone tumor is considered rare.

Osteochondromas

As far as benign bone tumor goes, this type is considered one of the most common.

In fact, this kind accounts for at least 40 percent of benign bone tumors.

The condition is also common among adolescents and teenagers.

This type of benign bone tumor also often manifests in the upper end of the upper bone (humerus), the lower leg’s upper end (tibia), and the thigh bone’s lower end (femur).

Echondroma

This condition occurs when a cartilage cyst grows in the bone marrow.

Echondroma often affects the long bones of the arm and the thigh as well as the hands and the feet.

Aneurysmal bone cyst

Aneurysmal bone cysts are characterized by blood vessel abnormality.

However, this condition often begins in the bone marrow and the cyst can grow rapidly.

Aneurysmal bone cysts can also be destructive as it can affect the growth plates.

Fibrous dysplasia

This condition is attributed to a gene mutation that will make the bones fibrous, making them more prone to fracture as a result.

Nanossifying fibroma unicameral

Considered as the only true cyst of the bone, this condition often occurs in the leg.

It’s also very common among adolescents and children.

Malignant bone tumors

Some of the most common types of malignant bone tumors include:

Chondrosarcoma

This condition is common among older and middle-aged adults.

This type of bone cancer also often occurs in the shoulders, hips, and the pelvis.

Osteosarcoma

Common among adolescents and children, osteosarcomas often manifest around the hips, shoulder, and the knee.

The condition is otherwise known as osteogenic sarcoma.

Secondary bone cancer

Essentially, this means the cancer started somewhere in the body but eventually spread to the bone.

This condition is common among older adults.

Cancers that originate in the prostate, lung, kidney, breast, and the thyroid gland often spreads to the bones.

Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFTs)

This condition is common among adolescents.

However, in some cases, the tumor affects children as young as 5 years old.

ESFTs often develop in the skull, ribs, backbone, upper arms, and pelvis.

Apart from the bones, ESFTs can also manifest in soft tissues like the muscles, fat, and the blood vessels.

This condition has been observed to spread rapidly and are more common in females.

For more information and expert help on the care and management of bone tumors, head to www.bjios.sg now.

January 31, 2017 0 comments

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